The Greeks and Romans made great contributions to the development of adhesives. The first references to adhesives in literature appeared in approximately 2000 BC. The earliest human use of adhesive-like substances was approximately 200,000 years ago, when Neanderthals produced tar from the dry distillation of birch bark for use in binding stone tools to wooden handles. Alternatively, they can be organized either by their starting physical phase or whether their raw stock is of natural or synthetic origin.Īdhesives may be found naturally or produced synthetically. Adhesives are typically organized by the method of adhesion followed by reactive or non-reactive, a term which refers to whether the adhesive chemically reacts in order to harden. Disadvantages of adhesive use include decreased stability at high temperatures, relative weakness in bonding large objects with a small bonding surface area, and greater difficulty in separating objects during testing. These include the ability to bind different materials together, the more efficient distribution of stress across a joint, the cost-effectiveness of an easily mechanized process, and greater flexibility in design. The use of adhesives offers certain advantages over other binding techniques such as sewing, mechanical fastenings, or welding. Non-metallic material used to bond various materials together Nitrocellulose adhesive dispensed from a tubeĪdhesive, also known as glue, cement, mucilage, or paste, is any non-metallic substance applied to one or both surfaces of two separate items that binds them together and resists their separation.
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